Social analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522Study of the grounds and motivations of acid attack in the context of gender relations and social inequalitiesStudy of the grounds and motivations of acid attack in the context of gender relations and social inequalities99298FAMarzyeEbrahimiAssistant Professor, Shahid Beheshti University,ZahraMirhosseiniAssistant Professor, Alzahra University, Department of women and family studiesJournal Article20181029The present paper is based on qualitative research that aims to study the fields and impulses of acid attack , taking into account gender considerations. Therefore, the data and information gathered have been attempted to collect data and information with the foundation's data theory approach and conduct in-depth qualitative interviews with 9 people with a history of acid-decay. The findings of this research show that the fields and substrates of Acid attack in the three concepts of "family backgrounds", "risky lifestyle" and "social degradation" can be categorized. In addition, "revenge and feelings of hatred of the victim", "displaying power and attempting to subjugate the victim", the circumstances of this act, and "membership in delinquent and violent subcultures", "access to acidic substances" and " Unaware of the type of punishment and its low effectiveness "are the categories that indicate the conditions of the intervention in causing acid attack, the results of this study show that the interviewees are usually used to commit acid suppression to strategies and strategies for" justification and blaming Victim "as well as" ignore the law ". The issue of " Acid attack as punishment, punishment, and persistent victimization" is also highlighted as a pivotal category in all data and research categories.The present paper is based on qualitative research that aims to study the fields and impulses of acid attack , taking into account gender considerations. Therefore, the data and information gathered have been attempted to collect data and information with the foundation's data theory approach and conduct in-depth qualitative interviews with 9 people with a history of acid-decay. The findings of this research show that the fields and substrates of Acid attack in the three concepts of "family backgrounds", "risky lifestyle" and "social degradation" can be categorized. In addition, "revenge and feelings of hatred of the victim", "displaying power and attempting to subjugate the victim", the circumstances of this act, and "membership in delinquent and violent subcultures", "access to acidic substances" and " Unaware of the type of punishment and its low effectiveness "are the categories that indicate the conditions of the intervention in causing acid attack, the results of this study show that the interviewees are usually used to commit acid suppression to strategies and strategies for" justification and blaming Victim "as well as" ignore the law ". The issue of " Acid attack as punishment, punishment, and persistent victimization" is also highlighted as a pivotal category in all data and research categories.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99298_cdacc09809d6b3170da7c818d25805fd.pdfSocial analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522Sociological analysis of cultural prerequisites for strengthening civil society in IranSociological analysis of cultural prerequisites for strengthening civil society in Iran99302FAJavadSadeqi JafariSoore UniversityBehjatYazdkhastiAssociate Professor at Isfahan UniversityMostafaEjtehadiAssociate Professor at Isfahan UniversityJournal Article20180815This research has been carried out on the strengthening of civil society in Iran. Civil society means a coherent, democratic and ethical society, including executive bodies and defined cultural values and it is assumed that the strengthening of this kind of ideal civil society in the first place requires the existence of certain cultural characteristics in the activists. In order to explain this, the concept of "cultural Prerequisites for reinforcing the civil society" was used. Ultimately, research has examined the works of classical and new scholars on the ten cultural elements: equalityism, individualism, discreteness, theoretical rationality, libertarianism, collective belonging, trust, moral discipline, activism, and legalism. These variables are classified in two dimensions of independence and convergence. In this research, by collecting data from 1016 Tehrani citizens, the variables were studied and it was found that these elements are relatively low. On the other hand, there is a moderate and negative relationship between the two dimensions of convergence and independence. The two independent variables of religious affiliation and education are the most important variables affecting the two main concepts that indicate a kind of social disruption.This research has been carried out on the strengthening of civil society in Iran. Civil society means a coherent, democratic and ethical society, including executive bodies and defined cultural values and it is assumed that the strengthening of this kind of ideal civil society in the first place requires the existence of certain cultural characteristics in the activists. In order to explain this, the concept of "cultural Prerequisites for reinforcing the civil society" was used. Ultimately, research has examined the works of classical and new scholars on the ten cultural elements: equalityism, individualism, discreteness, theoretical rationality, libertarianism, collective belonging, trust, moral discipline, activism, and legalism. These variables are classified in two dimensions of independence and convergence. In this research, by collecting data from 1016 Tehrani citizens, the variables were studied and it was found that these elements are relatively low. On the other hand, there is a moderate and negative relationship between the two dimensions of convergence and independence. The two independent variables of religious affiliation and education are the most important variables affecting the two main concepts that indicate a kind of social disruption.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99302_5ee51cf0d44f88190d429182cb1a6728.pdfSocial analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522Modernization or Social reproduction( A study on stratification and social mobility)Modernization or Social reproduction( A study on stratification and social mobility)99308FAMohamadMobarakiyazd universityMohamad SalmanGhaemi Zadeboalisina universityMortezaMahmodzadeboalisina universityJournal Article20180212During recent decades, modernization process along with economic and social changes such as urbanization, rural migration, expansion of higher education, the creation of communication networks, jobs system change and so on has caused many social changes in the whole country, including northwest areas of it, and has created social mobility for groups of people. Considering the importance of studying social mobility and its implications in people's lives, the aim of this study was to examine the social mobility and its pattern in Khoy. Method of study was quantitative and survey and data have been collected using the questionnaire instrument. Population of study was all households of khoy city and 382 people were selected through Cochran's formula and by multistage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings of objective dimension of social mobility show high levels of class and 68% and 49% of occupational reproduction. Also, Structural mobility represents high levels of mobility among current generation of agricultural jobs towards other jobs. This shows the impact of modernization at the intended region. The results show that the highest mobility both at the occupational and class level, relates to occupational and class reproduction and this is a very high degree of class mobility. As a result, we can say that in target population, occupational mobility is common but class mobility is limited and classes in different generations are reproduced somehow.During recent decades, modernization process along with economic and social changes such as urbanization, rural migration, expansion of higher education, the creation of communication networks, jobs system change and so on has caused many social changes in the whole country, including northwest areas of it, and has created social mobility for groups of people. Considering the importance of studying social mobility and its implications in people's lives, the aim of this study was to examine the social mobility and its pattern in Khoy. Method of study was quantitative and survey and data have been collected using the questionnaire instrument. Population of study was all households of khoy city and 382 people were selected through Cochran's formula and by multistage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings of objective dimension of social mobility show high levels of class and 68% and 49% of occupational reproduction. Also, Structural mobility represents high levels of mobility among current generation of agricultural jobs towards other jobs. This shows the impact of modernization at the intended region. The results show that the highest mobility both at the occupational and class level, relates to occupational and class reproduction and this is a very high degree of class mobility. As a result, we can say that in target population, occupational mobility is common but class mobility is limited and classes in different generations are reproduced somehow.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99308_2f04fc3f8ae81a51e3e9b64aa918f234.pdfSocial analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522The relationship between social capital and social toleration among youth in the city of YazdThe relationship between social capital and social toleration among youth in the city of Yazd99312FASeyedAlirezaAfshaniYazd UniversityNajmeRamYazd UniversityJournal Article20171224Objective: Social tolerance is particularly important in recent years. Social capital is the most important variable in explaining many other social variables such as social tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and social tolerance among youth in the city of Yazd.
Methodology: The methodology used in this study was correlation. The population was all of youth in the city of Yazd in 2014 that 384 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Questionnaire was used to measure social capital and social tolerance. In this study, validity of the data collection tool was ensured through a content validity and the high Cronbach's alpha for the variables shown in the utility reliability of the research instrument (there was more than 0.7 regarding all the constructs).
Results: The results showed a significant and positive relationship between social capital and social tolerance. The dimensions of social capital (social networks, social norms and social trust) also had a positive and significant relationship with social tolerance.
Conclusion: social capital plays an important role in increasing social tolerance among youth.Objective: Social tolerance is particularly important in recent years. Social capital is the most important variable in explaining many other social variables such as social tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and social tolerance among youth in the city of Yazd.
Methodology: The methodology used in this study was correlation. The population was all of youth in the city of Yazd in 2014 that 384 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Questionnaire was used to measure social capital and social tolerance. In this study, validity of the data collection tool was ensured through a content validity and the high Cronbach's alpha for the variables shown in the utility reliability of the research instrument (there was more than 0.7 regarding all the constructs).
Results: The results showed a significant and positive relationship between social capital and social tolerance. The dimensions of social capital (social networks, social norms and social trust) also had a positive and significant relationship with social tolerance.
Conclusion: social capital plays an important role in increasing social tolerance among youth.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99312_77738691706f6dad551c19e25ace5b0b.pdfSocial analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522Institutional performance and Brain Drain from developing and Least Developed countries )Comparative institutional analysis of 100 origin countriesInstitutional performance and Brain Drain from developing and Least Developed countries )Comparative institutional analysis of 100 origin countries99318FAZeinabFatemi AminPh.D. Student of Sociology, Ferdowsi University of MashhadAliYousofiAssociate Professor of Social Sciences University of Ferdowsi University of MashhadHosseinAkbariFerdowsi University of MashhadJournal Article20180527In the institutional-structural framework, the brain drain is a reaction to the inappropriate structure and poor performance of the institutions of society, which is the result of uneven development in the developing and least developed countries. It seems that the brain drain from these countries has a structural and institutional reasons that is assessed in international studies of institutional performance. Based on the comparative institutional analysis, the highest rate of brain drain has been experienced by South Asian countries (Iran, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal). International data show that Iran among the countries of South Asia has the most brain drain after India, and has sixth rank in the brain drain among the100 developing and least developed countries. In this study, political instability and economic corruption are considered to be the most effective indicators of institutional performance on brain drain. The most important institutional difference between the studied countries in rate of their brain drain is in their institutional performance. The poor institutional performance has not only resulted in the institutional transfer of elites to advanced countries, but also strengthens the possibility of non-returning elites to their countries.In the institutional-structural framework, the brain drain is a reaction to the inappropriate structure and poor performance of the institutions of society, which is the result of uneven development in the developing and least developed countries. It seems that the brain drain from these countries has a structural and institutional reasons that is assessed in international studies of institutional performance. Based on the comparative institutional analysis, the highest rate of brain drain has been experienced by South Asian countries (Iran, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal). International data show that Iran among the countries of South Asia has the most brain drain after India, and has sixth rank in the brain drain among the100 developing and least developed countries. In this study, political instability and economic corruption are considered to be the most effective indicators of institutional performance on brain drain. The most important institutional difference between the studied countries in rate of their brain drain is in their institutional performance. The poor institutional performance has not only resulted in the institutional transfer of elites to advanced countries, but also strengthens the possibility of non-returning elites to their countries.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99318_98775d378e1cc3fb712015ecea1eef62.pdfSocial analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522تعارض هنجاری در هنجارهای اقتصادی کسب سود و عوامل موثر بر آنتعارض هنجاری در هنجارهای اقتصادی کسب سود و عوامل موثر بر آن99322FAAhmadShekarchiShahid Beheshti UniversityMortezaGanjiShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20180120چگونگی مواجهه کنشگران با هنجارهای مختلف اقتصادی، میزان پذیرش هریک از هنجارها در بین آنان و عوامل تاثیرگذار بر گزینش هنجارها از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار هستند. در این پژوهش میزان پایبندی کنشگران اقتصادی به سه دسته هنجارهای عرفی، دینی و قانونی کسب سود و مهمترین عوامل موثر بر آن مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. چارچوب نظری مورد استفاده ترکیبی از نظریات جامعه شناختی، روانشناختی و اقتصادی را مد نظر قرار داده است. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش کمی و با تکنیک پیمایش در شهر تهران با حجم نمونه 354 نفر انجام گرفته است. نتایج بهدستآمده نشاندهنده آن است که میانگین پایبندی کنشگران به هنجارهای قانونی مانند رعایت قیمتگذاریها، پرهیز از کمفروشی و گرانفروشی و... با میانگین 4.79 از 6 بیشتر از سایر هنجارهای عرفی و دینی بوده است؛ پایبندی به هنجارهای دینی با مقدار 33/4 در مرتبه دوم قرار گرفته و پایبندی به هنجارهای عرفی با میانگین 92/2 کمترین مقدار را بهدست آورده است. بین میزان پایبندی کنشگران به هنجارهای عرفی با پایبندی آنان به هنجارهای دینی و قانونی همبستگی معکوس بهدستآمده است. مهمترین متغیرهای تاثیرگذار بر روی پایبندی کنشگران به هنجارها با بیشترین تاثیر معنادار، متغیرهای هنجار ذهنی پاسخگویان درمورد پایبندی اکثریت، کنترل دیگران مهم، انتظار دیگران مهم، عکس العمل دیگران مهم، شناخت پیامد هنجارها و میزان دینداری بوده اند.چگونگی مواجهه کنشگران با هنجارهای مختلف اقتصادی، میزان پذیرش هریک از هنجارها در بین آنان و عوامل تاثیرگذار بر گزینش هنجارها از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار هستند. در این پژوهش میزان پایبندی کنشگران اقتصادی به سه دسته هنجارهای عرفی، دینی و قانونی کسب سود و مهمترین عوامل موثر بر آن مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. چارچوب نظری مورد استفاده ترکیبی از نظریات جامعه شناختی، روانشناختی و اقتصادی را مد نظر قرار داده است. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش کمی و با تکنیک پیمایش در شهر تهران با حجم نمونه 354 نفر انجام گرفته است. نتایج بهدستآمده نشاندهنده آن است که میانگین پایبندی کنشگران به هنجارهای قانونی مانند رعایت قیمتگذاریها، پرهیز از کمفروشی و گرانفروشی و... با میانگین 4.79 از 6 بیشتر از سایر هنجارهای عرفی و دینی بوده است؛ پایبندی به هنجارهای دینی با مقدار 33/4 در مرتبه دوم قرار گرفته و پایبندی به هنجارهای عرفی با میانگین 92/2 کمترین مقدار را بهدست آورده است. بین میزان پایبندی کنشگران به هنجارهای عرفی با پایبندی آنان به هنجارهای دینی و قانونی همبستگی معکوس بهدستآمده است. مهمترین متغیرهای تاثیرگذار بر روی پایبندی کنشگران به هنجارها با بیشترین تاثیر معنادار، متغیرهای هنجار ذهنی پاسخگویان درمورد پایبندی اکثریت، کنترل دیگران مهم، انتظار دیگران مهم، عکس العمل دیگران مهم، شناخت پیامد هنجارها و میزان دینداری بوده اند.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99322_9c52bc5c392f8a984b53ecfff06a017f.pdfSocial analysis of order and social inequality972/420170522تحلیل جامعه شناختی پیش نیازهای فرهنگی تقویت جامعه مدنی در ایران (مطالعه موردی شهر تهران)تحلیل جامعه شناختی پیش نیازهای فرهنگی تقویت جامعه مدنی در ایران (مطالعه موردی شهر تهران)99293FAJavadSadeqi JafariSoore universityJournal Article20180428موضوع مقاله حاضر فرهنگ جامعه مدنی در ایران است. جامعه مدنی به معنی جامعه همبسته ، مردمسالار و اخلاق گرایانه، مشتمل بر نهادهای اجرایی و ارزش های فرهنگی، تعریف شده و فرض بر آن است که تقویت این نوع از جامعه مدنی آرمانی در وهله اول مستلزم وجود شاخصههای فرهنگی خاص در کنشگران است. به منظور توضیح این مهم، مفهوم "پیش نیازهای فرهنگی تقویت جامعه مدنی" به کار گرفته شد. نهایتاً تحقیق با بررسی آثار صاحبنظران کلاسیک و جدید هشت عنصر فرهنگی : برابری طلبی ، فردگرایی ، تفاوت پذیری ، عقلانیت نظری تعلق جمعی ، اعتماد ، انضباط اخلاقی و مشارکت در قالب مفهوم فوق تنظیم شد. این متغیرها در دو بعد استقلال گرایی و همگرایی دسته بندی شد. در این تحقیق با جمعآوری دادهها از ۱۰۱۶ شهروند تهرانی، متغیرهای فوق بررسی و مشخص شد که این عناصر فرهنگی در حد نسبتا پایینی قرار دارند. از سوی دیگر میان دو بعد همگرایی و استقلال گرایی هم تغییری و رابطه منفی وجود دارد. دو متغیر مستقل تعلق مذهبی و تحصیلات مهمترین متغیرهای اثرگذار بر دو بعد مفهوم اصلی هستند که نشان از نوعی گسستگی در جامعه دارد.موضوع مقاله حاضر فرهنگ جامعه مدنی در ایران است. جامعه مدنی به معنی جامعه همبسته ، مردمسالار و اخلاق گرایانه، مشتمل بر نهادهای اجرایی و ارزش های فرهنگی، تعریف شده و فرض بر آن است که تقویت این نوع از جامعه مدنی آرمانی در وهله اول مستلزم وجود شاخصههای فرهنگی خاص در کنشگران است. به منظور توضیح این مهم، مفهوم "پیش نیازهای فرهنگی تقویت جامعه مدنی" به کار گرفته شد. نهایتاً تحقیق با بررسی آثار صاحبنظران کلاسیک و جدید هشت عنصر فرهنگی : برابری طلبی ، فردگرایی ، تفاوت پذیری ، عقلانیت نظری تعلق جمعی ، اعتماد ، انضباط اخلاقی و مشارکت در قالب مفهوم فوق تنظیم شد. این متغیرها در دو بعد استقلال گرایی و همگرایی دسته بندی شد. در این تحقیق با جمعآوری دادهها از ۱۰۱۶ شهروند تهرانی، متغیرهای فوق بررسی و مشخص شد که این عناصر فرهنگی در حد نسبتا پایینی قرار دارند. از سوی دیگر میان دو بعد همگرایی و استقلال گرایی هم تغییری و رابطه منفی وجود دارد. دو متغیر مستقل تعلق مذهبی و تحصیلات مهمترین متغیرهای اثرگذار بر دو بعد مفهوم اصلی هستند که نشان از نوعی گسستگی در جامعه دارد.https://jsoa.sbu.ac.ir/article_99293_674d59bf564bdda835115e01ca90f477.pdf