Modernization or Social reproduction( A study on stratification and social mobility)

Document Type : علمی -پژوهشی

Authors

1 yazd university

2 boalisina university

Abstract

During recent decades, modernization process along with economic and social changes such as urbanization, rural migration, expansion of higher education, the creation of communication networks, jobs system change and so on has caused many social changes in the whole country, including northwest areas of it, and has created social mobility for groups of people. Considering the importance of studying social mobility and its implications in people's lives, the aim of this study was to examine the social mobility and its pattern in Khoy. Method of study was quantitative and survey and data have been collected using the questionnaire instrument. Population of study was all households of khoy city and 382 people were selected through Cochran's formula and by multistage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings of objective dimension of social mobility show high levels of class and 68% and 49% of occupational reproduction. Also, Structural mobility represents high levels of mobility among current generation of agricultural jobs towards other jobs. This shows the impact of modernization at the intended region. The results show that the highest mobility both at the occupational and class level, relates to occupational and class reproduction and this is a very high degree of class mobility. As a result, we can say that in target population, occupational mobility is common but class mobility is limited and classes in different generations are reproduced somehow.

Keywords

References

  1. - بوردیو، پی‌یر، (1380)، نظریه کنش، ترجمه مرتضی مردیها، تهران، انتشارات نقش ونگار
  2. - بیرو، آلن، (1366)، فرهنگ علوم اجتماعی، ترجمه باقر ساروخانی، تهران، انتشارات کیهان
  3. - توسلی، غلام عباس، (1383)، تحلیلی از اندیشة بوردیو درباره‌ی فضای منازعه آمیز اجتماعی و نقش جامعه‌شناسی، نامة علوم اجتماعی، شماره 23، صص 25-1
  4. - دواس، دی. ای، (1383)، پیمایش در تحقیقات اجتماعی، ترجمة، هوشنگ نایبی، تهران، نشر نی
  5. - رفیع‌پور، فرامرز، (1384)، توسعه و تضاد، تهران، نشر شرکت سهامی انتشار، چاپ ششم
  6. - شارع پور، محمود، خوش فر، غلامرضا، (1381)، رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی با هویت اجتماعی جوانان، نامه علوم اجتماعی، شماره 20، صص147-133
  7. - کوئن، بروس، (1391)، مبانی جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمه محسن ثلاثی، تهران، نشر سیمیا، چاپ اول
  8. - گیدنز، آنتونی، بردسالی، کارن، (1394)، جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمه حسن چاوشیان، تهران، نشر نی
  9. - لاور، رابرت. اچ، (1373)، دیدگاه‌هایی درباره‌ی دگرگونی اجتماعی، ترجمه کاووس سید امامی، تهران، نشر دانشگاهی
  10. - معصومی‌راد، رضا، (1393)، تحرک اجتماعی، تهران، نشر مؤسسه مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور
  11. - Bourdieu, P. (1996). On the family as a realized category. Theory, Culture and Society,
  12. (3), 19–26.
  13. - Bernardi, F., & Ballarino, G. (Eds.). (2016). Education, occupation and social origin: A comparative analysis of the transmission of socio-economic inequalities. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  14. - Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley and Sons.
  15. - Breen, R., Luijkx, R., Müller, W., & Pollak, R. (2009). Nonpersistent Inequality in Educational Attainment: Evidence from Eight European Countries. The American Journal of Sociology, 114(5),1475–1521. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/595951
  16. - Brezis, E, S, Hellier, J. (2017), Social mobility at the top and the higher education system, European Journal of Political Economy, S0176-2680(16)30116-1
  17. - Covarrubias R, Fryberg SA, (2015), Movin’on up (to college): firstgeneration college students’ experiences with family achievement guilt. Cult Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol, 21:420-429.
  18. - DEMAINE, J, (2003), Social Reproduction and Education Policy, International Studies in Sociology of Education, Volume 13, Number 2.
  19. - Destin, M, Debrosse, R, (2017), Upward social mobility and identity, Current Opinion in Psychology, 18:99–104.
  20. - Erel, U. (2010). Migrating cultural capital: Bourdieu in migration studies. Sociology,
  21. (4), 642–660.
  22. - Erel, U, (2017), Saving and reproducing the nation: Struggles around right-wing politics of social reproduction, gender and race in austerity Europe, Women's Studies International Forum, 0277-5395.
  23. - Finn, P, J. (2007). Teacher education with an attitude: preparing teachers to educate working-class students in their collective self-interest. SUNY Press
  24. - Goldthorpe, John H, (1980), Social Mobility & Class Structure in Modern Britain, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Journal of the British Academy ,First Published , 4, 89–111. DOI 10.5871.
  25. - Goldthorpe, John H. (1980), Social Mobility & Class Structure in Modern Britain, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, First published.
  26. - Hermassi, E.(1978) "Changing Patterns in Research on the Third World", Annual Review of Sociology 4, , 239-257.
  27. - Jerrim, J, Chmielewski, A., Parker, P, (2015). Socioeconomic inequality in access to high status colleges: a cross-country comparison. Res. Soc. Stratif. Mobil. 42, 20–32.
  28. - Levy, M. (1967), Social Patterns and Problems of Modernization. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, pp. 189-207.
  29. - Lareau, A., & Horvat, E. M. (1999). Moments of social inclusion and exclusion race. Class,
  30. and Cultural Capital in Family-School Relationships Sociology of Education, no. 72,
  31. –53.
  32. - Lucas, S, (2009). Stratification theory, socioeconomic background, and educational attainment: a formal analysis. Ration. Soc. 21, 459–511.
  33. - Macris, Vicki, (1998), The Ideological Conditions of Social Reproduction, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.9. no.1.
  34. - Marginson, S,(2017) Higher education, economic inequality and social mobility: Implications for emerging East Asia, International Journal of Educational Development, 0738-0593.
  35. - Marginson, S. (2016). The worldwide trend to high participation higher education: dynamics of social stratification in inclusive systems. Higher Education 72, 413–435.
  36. - Reyes, R, Giovanni, (2001), FOUR MAIN THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: MODERNIZATION, DEPENDENCY, WORD-SYSTEM, AND GLOBALIZATION, Nomadas, Revista Critica de Ciencias Sociales y Juridicas, Publicacion asociada a la Revista Nomads. Mediterranean Perspectives | ISSN 1889-7231.
  37. - See Huntington, S.(1976), The Change to Change: Modernization, development and politics. (New York: Free Press, pp. 30-31; 45-52.
  38. - Smith, D.J. & Tomlinson, S. (1989) The School Effect. London: Policy Studies Institute.
  39. - Shavit, Y., Arum, R., Gamoran, A. (Eds.), (2007). Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  40. - Stephens NM, Fryberg SA, Markus HR, Johnson CS, Covarrubias R, (2012) Unseen disadvantage: how American universities’ focus on independence undermines the academic performance of first-generation college students. J Pers Soc Psychol, 102:1178-1197.
  41. - Turner, B. S. (2008). Citizenship, reproduction and the state: International marriage and
  42. human rights. Citizenship Studies, 12(1), 45–54.
  43. - Triventi, M., )2013(. Stratification in higher education and its relationship with social inequality: a comparative study of 11 European countries. Eur. Sociol. Rev. 29 (3), 489–502.
  44. - Valimaa, J, (2011).The corporatization of national universities in Finland. In: Pusser, B., Kempner, K., Marginson, S., Ordorika, I. (Eds.), Universities and the Public Sphere. Routledge, New York, pp. 101–119.
  45. - Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society. London: University of California Press.
  46. - Young, M. F. D. &Whitty, G. (1977).Society, state and schooling: readings on the possibilities for radical education. England: Falmer Press.
  47. - بوردیو، پی‌یر، (1380)، نظریه کنش، ترجمه مرتضی مردیها، تهران، انتشارات نقش ونگار
  48. - بیرو، آلن، (1366)، فرهنگ علوم اجتماعی، ترجمه باقر ساروخانی، تهران، انتشارات کیهان
  49. - توسلی، غلام عباس، (1383)، تحلیلی از اندیشة بوردیو درباره‌ی فضای منازعه آمیز اجتماعی و نقش جامعه‌شناسی، نامة علوم اجتماعی، شماره 23، صص 25-1
  50. - دواس، دی. ای، (1383)، پیمایش در تحقیقات اجتماعی، ترجمة، هوشنگ نایبی، تهران، نشر نی
  51. - رفیع‌پور، فرامرز، (1384)، توسعه و تضاد، تهران، نشر شرکت سهامی انتشار، چاپ ششم
  52. - شارع پور، محمود، خوش فر، غلامرضا، (1381)، رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی با هویت اجتماعی جوانان، نامه علوم اجتماعی، شماره 20، صص147-133
  53. - کوئن، بروس، (1391)، مبانی جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمه محسن ثلاثی، تهران، نشر سیمیا، چاپ اول
  54. - گیدنز، آنتونی، بردسالی، کارن، (1394)، جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمه حسن چاوشیان، تهران، نشر نی
  55. - لاور، رابرت. اچ، (1373)، دیدگاه‌هایی درباره‌ی دگرگونی اجتماعی، ترجمه کاووس سید امامی، تهران، نشر دانشگاهی
  56. - معصومی‌راد، رضا، (1393)، تحرک اجتماعی، تهران، نشر مؤسسه مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics